Seedling production of Polygonatum odoratum and its rhizome processing development for large-scale c

专利摘要:
PURPOSE: A method for processing the seed of Solomon's seal and growing a large amount of seedlings is provided to reduce the growing period of the seedling, and to reduce the cultivation price of the Solomon's seal. CONSTITUTION: The method for processing the seed of Solomon's seal and growing a large amount of seedlings comprises the steps of: after-ripening the seed of Solomon's seal at a temperature of 15deg.C for three months under a dark condition before seeding thereof; softening the seed coat by impregnating the after-ripened seed in KOH of 10 percent for 40 minutes; washing the softened seed for one day; prechilling the washed seed at a low temperature of 3deg.C for eight weeks under the dark condition; seeding the prechilled seed in bed soil; germinating the seed at 25deg.C for twelve weeks in the dark condition; breaking the dormancy of epicotyl by processing the seedling generated from the germination step at 3deg.C for six weeks in the dark condition; and cultivating the epicotyl at 25deg.C while applying the white light.
公开号:KR20020013044A
申请号:KR1020000046393
申请日:2000-08-10
公开日:2002-02-20
发明作者:강진호；신동수
申请人:강진호；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Seedling production of Polygonatum odoratum and its rhizome processing development for large-scale cultivation}
[29] The present invention relates to a method for treating seedlings and large seedlings, and more specifically, seedlings of seedlings, ripening and softening the seedlings, and sowing them on the top soil after sowing, and seedlings are formed after germination of the seeded seeds. When the top axle is derived at the top, apply low temperature treatment for dormant breakage of the top axle and spread it on the pavement. It is about seedling method.
[30] Donggulre underground has been used mainly as a medicinal herb or tea and Chun-gung-gi, and is currently used as a cultivated crop. Currently, the orchard's cover crops and the ground are used as flower arrangements. In oriental medicine, the dried underground diameter is called jade bamboo, and has been used mainly for nourishment, tonic, weakness, malnutrition, cough, and gegal (Brill, WS 1994. Solomon's seal. P. 261-264 In S. Brill and E. Dean (eds.). Identifying and Harvesting Edible and Medicinal Plants.Hearst Books, New York, USA). The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Diabetic-Induced Rats Master's Thesis-Graduate School of Duksung Women's University; Lim, Sook-Jae, Kim Soo-Yeon, and Lee Ju-Won 1995. Effects of Korean wild edible plants on blood sugar and liver and muscle energy composition in diabetic rats, Korean Journal of Nutrition The Korean Journal of Nutrition 28 (7): 585-594) Consumed It is. Accordingly, due to the rapid increase in consumption, the process of steaming and drying the underground diameter is repeated, and the process of steaming and drying the steam several times is pulverized to form a fine powder.
[31] This type of tea is sold next to green tea among traditional teas in Korea, and as a result of the consumption of a lot of tea as a tea, a corresponding amount of processed raw materials has been needed. While the production of dongle tea has been applied to the market, the demand has been relatively high as the manufacturing of the donggulcha tea has been commercialized, while the supply and demand of processed raw materials has become unstable as a result of the reduction of natural production due to the reduction and aging of rural labor force due to industrialization. It became. Some processing plants have begun to induce contract cultivation on large areas as a means of securing stable processing volumes. However, despite the advantage that donggles are recognized as high-income crops and are easy to manage during cultivation, they have a small amount of farming cost, but the cultivation area is slowly increasing because of the planting density per 300 pyeong in the underground diameter used as a root crop. It costs about 1.8 million won. That is, considering farmers' income, there are few farmers who can fully fund the necessary area to cultivate the appropriate area. Is on the lesser side. In addition, in the case of the existing cultivation method using the underground diameter, since the underground diameter is mostly dormant in the official year, there is a problem that it is difficult to overcome the economic loss. As such, it is economical only after three to five years of cultivation (李 世 君, 范林. 1991. Chinese medicinal plant cultivation. P. 481-484. 農業 出版社. 中華人民共和國) In some cases, the operation of the plant is difficult, and some of them are being replaced by cheap imported Chinese products.
[32] Large-scale cultivation of Donggulle is a method of separating and processing underground diameters, which are usually processed parts (Kwan-Hyo Ko. 1994. Development of food and medicinal resource plants. P. 7-19. Report; Gu, Kwan-Hyo 1994. Development of cultivation and cultivation technology for special species (yellow wall, barberry, arrow) .p. 34-51. Species cultivation test, p. 116-134. Specialty species cultivation test, Gyeongnam Forest Environment Research Institute test report; Choi, In-Seok, 1996; Jae-sik Choi, Jong-Taek Lim, 1996. Development of food and medicinal resource plants, p. 107-115. A Study on Development.Research Report of Gyeongnam Forest Environment Research Institute.Jae-Sik Choi, 1996; Ha Jong-gil, 1993.Development and Application of Donguile.p. 69-81.Development of Tea Using Wild Herbs. Cultivation is done. However, the formal cultivation of underground diameter is expected to shorten the period from formalization to harvesting season, but there are various problems such as excessive purchase of underground diameter and dormancy of formal underground diameter (Atwater, BR 1980. Germination, dormancy and morphology of The seeds of herbaceous ornamental plants.Seed Sci.Tech.8: 523-573; 21, Wang-Sung et al. 1991. 玉竹 .p. 481-484. 中國 藥用 植物 栽培 學. 農業 出版社. 北京. 中華人民共和國).
[33] Unlike the natural state, artificially cultivating a round cultivation on the cultivation of artificial land, so a large amount of seeds are formed, an alternative method for overcoming the problem of underground breeding has been proposed as a method of mass seedling using seeds (Kang, Jin-ho, Ryu, Young-seop, Kim, Seok-hyun) 1996. A Study on the Dorgoule Dormant Mechanism and Breaking Dormitory Dormant Effect of Some Seed Treatments on Germination, Soju Formation, and Dormitory Elongation.Agricultural Papers ('95 -2005) 38: 157-169 Kang, Jin-Ho, Young-Sup Ryu, and Kye-Hyun Jang, 1997. A Study on Dormane Dormancy Mechanism and Upper Shaft Dormancy Breakdown 1. Germination and Soju Formation by Treatment of Hussook, KOH and Gibberellin, Agricultural Journal (Academic-Industrial Cooperation) 39: 31- Jin-Ho Kang, Young-Sup Ryu, and Jung-Min Park 1997. A Study on the Doungle Dormancy Mechanism and Upper Shaft Dormancy Breakage 2. The Low Shaft and Gibberellin Treatment Breakdown of Dorsal Shaft Restoration Journal of Agricultural Research ('96) Jin-Ho Kang, Young-Sup Ryu, Choi Sang-Wook, 1997. A Study on the Doungle Dormancy Mechanism and the Dorsal Shaft Breaking 3. A Study on the Substances Involved in Dorsal Dorsal Restraints (Academic-Academic Cooperation) 39: 47-51) .
[34] However, the problem with seed propagation is that it takes about 18 months for seedlings to emerge after seeding due to dorsal dormancy during germination. Therefore, a method to greatly reduce the seedling period should be established. Seed germination and seedling development should be improved before germination and seedling development in seed germination and seedling development, an efficient method should be established for dorsal dormant breakthrough, and seedling emergence and growth can be increased after dormant dormant breakthrough. Efficient seedling processing techniques should be devised.
[35] The present inventors conducted a study and test to solve the conventional problem of long-term problem in raising seedlings through the seedlings. As a result, the seedlings and soju formation rate of the seedlings are increased, and the dorsal dormant is effectively avoided, The present invention was completed by searching for an optimal management method to secure a purifying system so as to increase seedling emergence after breakdown, and to efficiently carry out the cultivation of the cultivated seedlings. That is, the present inventors traced the effect of the treatment that can be applied to the seed before seeding on the germination and soju formation of the round oyster, and established the optimal seed treatment method and seedling treatment technology to improve the seedling period from 18 months to at least 7 months. It was possible to establish a method for treating seedlings and seedlings, which has a very short effect.
[36] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a seed treatment and a massive seedling method before seeding for constructing a massive seedling system using a roundley.
[37] Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail.
[1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing changes in round germination (A) and sub-germinal formation (B) at 6 and 12 weeks after sowing affected by the type of cultured soil.
[2] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the effect of priming period, B and concentration of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate, control: no imbibition in the petri dish on the germination and soju formation of the round gourd seeds. to be.
[3] Figure 3 is a diagram showing the priming effect of tossil on germination (A) and soju formation (B) of the roundworm seeds in the topsoil.
[4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the germination and soju formation results of the roundworm seed after 12 weeks of sowing affected by cold treatment.
[5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of the seedling germination and the formation of soju after 12 weeks affected by seed softening treatment by KOH, GA ₃ , and a combination thereof.
[6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing seedling germination and soju soybean affected by seed softening (10% KOH, 40 minutes), low temperature treatment (3 ° C., 8 weeks) and seed softening treatment before cold treatment.
[7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of the seedling germination and soju formation affected by the pretreatment of other seeds (Hamyang, Sancheong, Uiryung).
[8] 8 is a diagram showing the cotyledon rupture rate and phase axis elongation rate.
[9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of cold treatment period on the rate of seedling seedlings and cultivars.
[10] Fig. 10 shows the degree of rupture rate of R. vulgaris (RCS), epicotyl elongation, seedling rate, rooting, axial length and foliar area affected by elapsed time after low temperature treatment (3 ° C., 6 weeks) for temperature and axial dormant breakthrough. The figure shows
[11] Figure 11 shows the cotyledon rupture rate (RCS, A), axial axial elongation rate (B), seedling expression rate of dongbule affected by shading and elapsed time after low temperature treatment (3 ℃, 6 weeks) for axial dormant breakthrough C), logistics (D), upper abdomen (E) and leaf area.
[12] 12 is a photograph showing the shape and size of the outer (A) and inner (B) of the round seed.
[13] Figure 13 is a photograph (EM: embryo, EN: endosperm) showing the internal cross-sectional view of the round gourd seeds affected by different ripening temperature and treatment period.
[14] 14 is a photograph showing the germination process of the seedlings (B: bubil, E: epipicyl, R: root).
[15] FIG. 15 is a photograph showing the height of soju and root primordia during germination of a seedling (E: soju, EM: pear, P: soju and root primordia, PB : Soju primate, PR: root primate, R: root).
[16] Figure 16 is a photograph showing the elongation (A, B, C) of the embryo in the germination of the seedlings and the upper axial axis that is re-expressed from the malformed soju (B: Soju, E: axial, EM: pear, EN: endosperm (endosperm), R: root, and RE: reshaping epidermis.
[17] Figure 17 is a photograph showing the germination characteristics of the seedlings (upper axis dormant breakthrough in step C to proceed to the next step).
[18] Fig. 18 is a photograph showing the effect of light shielding (C, D) after 6 weeks of low temperature treatment (A, B) and low temperature treatment on the seedlings.
[19] 19 is a photograph showing the rear pore distribution and shape of the leaves of the seedlings.
[20] 20 is a photograph showing growth results after low temperature treatment of seedlings A and A seedlings formed directly from seeds.
[21] FIG. 21 is a photograph (B: soju, C: cotyledon, E: upper axial) showing the cutting planes of the small intestine and the upper axial axis developed from the seedlings (A, C) and seedlings (B, D).
[22] Figure 22 is a photo showing the development of the axis and root development of the seedlings and seedlings (B: Sojua, E: Sangyeok, EA: embryonic axis, EM: pear, EN: endosperm, P: Sojua and root primitives, RC: root csp, S: seed).
[23] Figure 23 is a photograph showing the transversal and termination of germinating seeds and seedlings (B: soju, C: cotyledon, E: embryonic axis, EA: embryonic axis, EM: embryo, EN: endosperm, RH: rhizome).
[24] FIG. 24 is a photograph (EP: epidermis, R: root, VB: vascular bundles) showing transverse (A, B, C) and longitudinal (D, E, F) of developing seedlings.
[25] 25 is a photograph showing the effect of cold treatment (A) and repeated cold treatment (B) on the growth of seedlings for seedlings produced in seed sowing.
[26] FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the effect of elapsed time or shading after the feeding of nutrient solution and low temperature treatment on the soybean curds and dorsum.
[27] FIG. 27 is a photograph showing seedlings (A) and seedlings (B) derived from a basele.
[28] 28 shows a process for producing seedlings from seedlings.
[38] The present inventors have studied using a seed that is formed in a large amount during cultivation to overcome the conventional problems in the case of cultivation of the round oyster by using the underground diameter as the root of the seedling, and the conventional seedling period takes 18 months for germination and seedling of the round hoop seed. By shortening the food crops to within 7 months, the object of the present invention was achieved.
[39] The present invention provides a method for improving the germination and shochu formation rate of the seedlings, an efficient axial dormant breakthrough method, and a method for improving seedling emergence.
[40] In the present invention, various research results have been derived from the research on the development of mass seedling technology for mass cultivation. Among them, the core content of the research results is that the mass seedling method using the seedlings before seeding and dormancy dormancy of the seedlings The model up to breakthrough and seedling emergence can be modeled as shown in FIG.
[41] The present invention nursery method
[42] (a) ripening seedlings before sowing at 15 ° C. for 3 months under dark conditions;
[43] (b) softening the seedlings by immersing the ripened seeds of step (a) in 10% KOH for 40 minutes;
[44] (c) washing the seeded seeds of step (b) for 1 day; And
[45] (d) cold treating the washed seeds of step (c);
[46] (e) sowing the cold treated seeds onto the soil;
[47] (f) germinating for 12 weeks at 25 ° C. under dark conditions;
[48] (g) cryogenically treating the seedlings produced by the germination of step (f) to break the dormant of the upper axis; And
[49] (H) characterized in that it comprises the step of cultivating in the greenhouse while supplying the nutrient solution by developing the seedlings break down the dorsal dormant in step (g) in the package, a large amount using the seedlings according to the modeling method of the present invention As a result of the seedling, there was a very excellent effect of reducing the conventional 18-month seedling period to within 7 months. In the present invention, the mass seedling system using the seedlings is preferably seeded in a well-managed rapeseed seedling in consideration of the seedling period and the seedling efficiency, and ripened at 15 ° C. for at least 3 months, and the ripened seed is 10% KOH. After 40 minutes of seed softening, cold treatment should be performed at 3 ℃ for 4-12 weeks, and sowing should be carried out on the soil having good water retention. In addition, when seed germination is formed and soju is formed and the top axis is derived from the end of the soju, 6-8 weeks of low temperature treatment should be applied for dormant break of the upper axis. Proper supply of moisture and nutrients without shading natural light can produce excellent seedlings.
[50] In this way, the efficiency of seedlings using the seedlings of the present invention is closely related to the management method of each step above, in particular, seed treatment method before sowing, cultivation of soil related to moisturization, dormant breakthrough method, and seedling emergence. It is possible only if management methods are established and seedlings can be deployed immediately in open-air environments. Seed propagation method of the present invention proposed as an alternative for overcoming the problems caused by conventional cultivation of the underground cultivation can overcome the problems appearing in each of the above steps, so that the efficiency can be improved. I think that.
[51] In particular, the method of the present invention increases the farm household income by replacing the processed raw material with a cultivated underground diameter from natural products, and enables the production of high quality dongle tea by securing a high quality roundley underground diameter, and stably supply the processed quantity to the processing plant. It is possible to maintain the plant operation continuously, to lower the cost of the underground diameter which can be derived from the mass cultivation system, to maximize the profits of the company, and to reduce the harvesting of natural products by cultivation, thus protecting the genetic resources and the natural ecosystem. It can make efficient use of idle farmland in Zhongshan.
[52] In view of the above, the present inventors considerably shorten the seedling period which is a problem in seed propagation and improve seedling efficiency in order to replace the current cultivation method using underground diameter as seedlings with seedlings produced by mass seedlings. In order to increase germination and soju formation rate through seed treatment before sowing, and to effectively break up the dorsal dormancy to drastically shorten the seedling period, and improve seedling appearance and growth after the dormant dormant breakthrough. In addition to establishing a method to make it possible, various tests were conducted to establish the basic system for the growth of the ship and the underground diameter and the mass cultivation.
[53] The summary of the results of the technology development test for mass nursery derived from the above test is as follows.
[54] First, as a result of the test for improvement of germination and soju formation rate, germination and soju formation rate depended on the fidelity of seeds due to the management status of rapeseed cloth and improved by post-treatment treatment after sowing. Germination rate was improved at 50 mM irrespective of the priming material, while the germination rate was relatively high at KNO ₃ , whereas no priming effect was found in the soil test for large seedlings. Germination and somatic seed formation according to the low temperature treatment period were good at 8 to 12 weeks of treatment, and it was evaluated that low temperature treatment was most effective after seed softening, and the treatment period could be shortened to 4 weeks at least. The low temperature treatment after seed softening effective for germination and soju formation was halved by the GA ₃ treatment applied at the end of cold treatment, and showed similar trend in combination with the GA ₃ treatment immediately given without low temperature treatment after seed softening.
[55] Second, as a result of the test for the efficient method of dormant dormant breakthrough, cotyledon rupture water was higher in 8 days than 4 days immediately after treatment with GA ₃ treatment, but the treatment effect disappeared as time passed. No seedlings appeared at all. In case of using GA ₃ for axial dormant breakthrough, it was found that it could not be applied to large-scale nursery using topsoil, although it could be applied to small scale treatment. This was due to the fact that some of the cotyledons were ruptured during the irrigation of the GA ₃ solution, but they were not exposed to the GA ₃ solution because the phase axis was wrapped with several layers of cotyledons. Cold treatment developed into normal seedlings with monocotyledonous rupture, cotyledon elongation, and monocotyledonous. Therefore, low temperature treatment can be applied to large seedlings and at least 6 weeks of low temperature treatment should be applied when considering seedling efficiency.
[56] Third, in the test to improve seedling appearance rate, the temperature, light, and nutrient supply given after the low temperature treatment for break-up dormant dormant effect have an effect, and the appearance rate is low at 15 ℃ lower than the high temperature, and the phase axis is long. Seemed. In addition, in high brightness natural light that was not shielded, the seedling emergence rate was high, and the growth of the seedlings was suppressed by the growth of the upper axis, and the nutrient solution supply did not affect the seedling appearance rate, but it increased the soybean paste, root and root number. Therefore, it was shown that it is desirable to seed | stack so that shading may not occur as long as supplying nutrient solution periodically.
[57] Fourth, compared to the first year seedlings, the second year seedlings had a higher rate of emergence and higher traits and higher growth related traits such as soju soybean paste, and compared the growth of plants grown using seedlings and underground diameters as seedlings. As a result, seedlings secured through seed propagation did not differ in appearance except for size.
[58] On the other hand, the summary of the test results to determine the growth patterns of the embryo and the underground diameter during the germination and seedling emergence of the seedlings are as follows.
[59] Firstly, the seedlings were spores, and the pears were arranged linearly in the center of the seed, and the primates of soju and root were located in the apical tissue of the pear, and the lower part of the pear extended and protruded. Germination proceeded in the form of, and the storage nutrients of the endosperm were used as a way of encroaching the endosperm. Second, as time passes after the abdomen protrudes, sojua and the roots develop, and the upper hypocotyl protrudes on the apex of the sojua. It became. On the other hand, the underground diameter used for cultivation or processing showed that the following underground diameter was branched from the node formed in the substructure as the first tissue.
[60] Third, it was observed that primates of soju, root and epidermis were moved from the stage when seed or hypocotyl was elongated, but priming of other tissues was not observed, while ducts were well differentiated and connected to each organ. The monocotyledonous and the elongated leaves were greatly influenced by the brightness during germination.
[61] Mass production method for mass cultivation of the present invention can be used and applied in many fields. For example, because the current farmer's cultivated farmers use underground diameter as a seed root, not only excessive formal costs for cultivation but also economic loss due to formal dormancy are caused. It can be used to overcome this problem. First, individual farmers may treat one seed after treating each seed with the seedling model disclosed in the present invention, but a large amount of seedlings may be treated by simultaneously treating a large amount of seed with a treatment model as shown in FIG. Doing so will reduce the hassle of the seedling process and increase the utilization of the facility, ultimately reducing the production cost. In addition, to date, the breeding of the doungle depends mainly on the method of collecting high-quality individuals after collecting native species in various regions, and the reason for this is that there is no set method for germinating seeds harvested from mating. This is because it is impossible to secure posterity from seeds. Therefore, if the treatment model derived through the present invention can be used to cultivate the superior round cultivars through mating breeding because it is possible to stably produce the seedling seed from the seed harvested by mating.
[62] The present invention was carried out using seed germination phase, low temperature treatment refrigerator and constant temperature and humidity chamber installed in Gyeongsang National University affiliated test farm and agricultural and craft crop laboratory from October 1996 to April 2000. It was like First, the seed used in the test was reported by the results of previous studies (Gang Jin-ho, Ryu Young-seop, Jang Gye-hyeon, Jang Gye-hyun, 1997. A study on the embryonic dormant breakthrough 1. Germination and soju formation by post-treatment, KOH and gibberellin treatments (Agricultural Cooperative Edition 39: 31-37) Stored in the refrigerator.
[63] The germination test was divided into a petri dish and a top soil test. The petri dish test was first seeded in a Petri dish 9 centimeters in diameter with 4 micrograms of sand sterilized for 4 days at 105 ° C. in three repeats of 100 granules. Germination tests were carried out at constant temperature, and top soil testing was performed based on the optimum conditions of these Petri dish test results. In addition, the top soil test was carried out in a plastic box (47 cm x 37 cm x 8 cm) by filling the top soil about 4 cm and seeding the treated seed, covered with 2 cm and then irrigation once every three days. The light condition during germination test was in the dark state until the axial dormant break treatment was performed, and white light was illuminated in the seedling generator after the axial dormant break treatment. In order to track the reaction to the temperature was carried out by fixing the test temperature at 25 ℃ constant temperature, except for the different temperature treatment or the test carried out in the packaging or super-thermal chamber. Other tests are performed AOSA (AOSA 1981. Rules for testing seeds In LO Copeland (ed) J. Seed Tech 6 (2):...... 1-125) and ISTA Rules (ISTA 1985. International rules for seed. International Seed Testing Association.Seed Sci.Tech. 13: 299-355.1985).
[64] The dormant breakage of the upper axis was made by digging the donggles seeds harvested at Hamyang Medicinal Herb Test Center of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research Institute for 3 months at 15 ℃ constant temperature, softening the seedlings for 10 minutes in KOH for 40 minutes, and applying low temperature treatment at 3 ℃ for 8 weeks. Sowed on. The seeded seeds were germinated for 12 weeks in the dark at 25 ° C., and then used as a test material for applying the axial dormant breakthrough treatment. Then, the test was conducted in the form of watering once every three days on the growth adjusted to a constant temperature of 25 ℃, the brightness is 4.9 μmol m ^-2 s ^-1 as a control after applying the axial dormant break treatment.
[65] In order to improve seedling emergence after break-up dormancy, the material used for life-saving cultivation of pears and underground diameters or to establish the basic system for mass cultivation was treated in the same way as dormant break-up of the above-axis feedstock, and then 6-8 Daytime cold treatment was applied. After treatment for axial dormancy breakdown, some tests were carried out in the growth station where the temperature was fixed at 25 ℃, but after the test result that it appeared and grew smoothly even in the uncontrolled hyperthermia room, The tests were carried out in ultra-high temperature chambers with relatively large variations in temperature and moisture.
[66] Seeds and seedlings were used to determine the growth patterns of embryos and underground diameters, or cut sections of internal tissues were taken using a stereomicroscope (SMZ-2T, Nikon) or an optical microscope (Eclipse E600, Nikon). The sample was cut using a microtom (Microm HM 325, Carl Zewiss), and the procedure for staining the sample was first heated and stirred by putting 1 g of carmine in 100 ml of 45% acetic acid and then stirring the cooled solution. The carmine solution was prepared by filtration in a storage bottle with filter paper. The seedlings or germinating seedlings were immersed in the carmine solution for 1.5 to 2 days and then stained with distilled water for 0.5 to 1 hour and photographed under a microscope.
[67] In the present invention, in order to efficiently conduct the top soil test, in the present invention, first, under the optimum treatment condition using a Petri dish, the juveniles and the subterranean diameter were completely formed by the germination of the germination of the embryonic axis from the seed. Subsequently, these ratios were converted and analyzed as subpopulations. After the optimum treatment conditions were established, 6 weeks after sowing, germination, soju and underground diameter formation, cotyledon rupture, hypocotyl elongation, soju embryo, root length and root number were sown. Investigations were carried out immediately after the end of the cold treatment for 12 weeks or for dorsum dormant breaks or at regular intervals. It was.
[68] Hereinafter, the configuration and operation effects of the present invention will be described in detail by examples. However, the following examples are only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[69] Example 1 Method of Improving Germination and Soju Formation Rate of Roundabout Seeds
[70] Test Example 1: Selection of Optimal Topsoil
[71] To see the changes in germination, soju formation and seedling production according to the types of cultured soil, peat moss, hultan, etc., which are expected to maintain uniform moisture for a long time, were prepared: ① 75% peat moss + 24% perlite + 1% vermiculite (T1); ② 50% Huntan + 25% peat moss + 24% perlite + 1% vermiculite (T2); ③ Three treatments mixed with 25% Huntan + 50% peat moss + 24% perlite + 1% vermiculite (T3) and 'Soil (Shinan Grow Co., Ltd., Korea)' soil was tested as control (T4). After 6 weeks and 12 weeks, germination and soju formation rate were examined. The test results performed under the germination temperature of 25 ° C. and dark conditions are shown in FIG. 1.
[72] The germination rate or the degree of soju and subterranean formation at 6 and 12 weeks after sowing were based on peat moss and hultan as the main ingredients, and perlite and vermiculite as auxiliary materials. It was found to be very low in the mixed treatments. After germination, it was observed that almost all of the roundworm seeds decay in the process that takes more than four months, which is a long period of time for the formation of soju and endosperm. This is due to the influence of basic substances included in Huntan. Judging. Therefore, it was judged that it is desirable to purchase commercial 'tosyl' topsoil to carry out the present invention or to use it for mass seedling.
[73] Test Example 2: Fidelity of Seed
[74] To investigate the effect of seed quality on seedling efficiency, the poorest of the seeds (Hyangyang) harvested from the Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Hamyang Medicinal Test Center, and the roundworm cultivated at Jeonggok-myeon, Yeongryong-gun, Gyeongnam, Korea. The germination test was performed by disclosing the seeds (Rite 1).
[75] Unlike general crops, Tunggole seeds are not distributed or commercially distributed in public institutions, so growers must use them directly, so the quality of the seed is expected to affect germination and further seedling efficiency. Investigation of the effect of the management status of seedlings on germination and soju formation and the results are shown in Table 1 below. At this time, the seed was treated with 10% KOH for 40 minutes before 3 ° C, 8 weeks low temperature before sowing.
[76] Quality Effect of Seeds of Different Seeds on Germination and Soju Formation of Soybean Seeds Up to 6 Weeks after Sowing Seed plantgerminationSuzhou 1 ^* 23456One23456% Cultivation0.00.86.131.457.662.30.00.00.47.926.159.7 Uiryeong 10.00.54.118.936.353.80.00.00.23.212.536.1 Uiryeong 20.00.32.410.621.132.00.00.00.12.58.125.2 LSD.050.0nd2.97.69.810.30.00.0ns2.54.79.1
[77] *: Represents the elapsed time (week) after sowing.
[78] The germination rate and soju seed formation rate investigated up to 6 weeks after sowing were highest in the seedlings harvested from Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Development Center, Yangyang Herbal Test Center, which had the best management condition after 2 weeks. The lowest in the poorest ritual 2. Therefore, when raising seedlings using seeds, it was judged that the seeds should be used in the fields with good management.
[79] Test Example 3: ripening before sowing
[80] Test results using Petri dishes that germination and soju formation were promoted after 15 months of ripening at 15 ° C after seeding (Ryu, Young-Seop. 1997. Germination characteristics and dorsum dormant breakthroughs of Donggle seeds. Master's Thesis. Ryu, Young-Seop (1997), divided and treated seed that was not ripened with 15% of tosoil and 15 ℃ for 3 months, to verify whether it is applicable to mass seedlings using top soil. Germination test was performed by cold treatment for 8 weeks.
[81] After seeding, the germination test using the soil was carried out after 15 months at 15 ℃ (after-ripening; AP) seed and unripe seed is shown in Table 2 below. Germination related traits were examined at 6 and 12 weeks after sowing.
[82] Effect of ripening on the germination and morphology of seedlings at 6 and 12 weeks after sowing processgerminationSuzhouShochu jangRootLogistics 6 ^* 12612612612612%cm / plantno. plant None52.366.769.496.00.370.702.704.101.333.67 AP ^** 63.078.071.996.50.570.773.334.831.334.33 LSD.053.77.00.91.70.13ns0.53nsnsns
[83] *: Shows the elapsed time (week) after sowing.
[84] **: Treated at 15 ° C. for 3 months.
[85] As can be seen in Table 2, the germination and soju formation rate of the 6 and 12 weeks after sowing was higher in the ripened seeds compared to the untreated seeds. However, after 6 weeks of sowing, soju and root lengths were longer in the ripened seeds, but there was no difference in the number of germination after 12 weeks germination. Therefore, in order to increase the germination and soju formation rate of the seedlings and to produce high quality seedlings, the ripening treatment of the seedlings must be done.
[86] Test Example 4: Priming treatment before sowing
[87] Currently, KNO ₃ and Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ , which are widely used as priming agents, have concentrations of 0 (untreated), 50, 150, and 300 mM, and treatment periods are separated into control-free, 1 and 2 weeks. After the treatment, the germination temperature was fixed to 25 ° C., and the test was carried out three times in a petri dish, and the germination of seedlings of seedlings was carried out using the priming period (A), the concentration of the priming agent (B), and the priming treatment method (C). ,%) And the effect on bukbik formation (%) is shown in FIG.
[88] As shown in FIG. 2, the treatment periods of 1 and 2 weeks when priming with KNO ₃ or Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ did not affect the germination and small germinal formation (FIG. 2A). However, germination and soju formation were best when primed with 50 mM KNO ₃ or Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ (FIG. 2B), and the seeds were not immersed in water at all (control) or 50 mM compared to two weeks in water. When priming with KNO ₃ or Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ for two weeks, the germination rate was improved, while sub-germinal formation was only increased in KNO ₃ treatment (FIG. 2C).
[89] To verify whether the above test results in Petri dishes can increase germination and soju formation rate in large seedlings, control-free treatment and primed KNO ₃ or Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ at 50 mM for 1 week, The germination test results carried out in the dark at 25 ° C. using the topsoil are shown in FIG. 3 (A: germination rate study according to priming treatment, B: soju formation rate study according to priming treatment). Unlike the results of the test performed with Petri dishes (FIGS. 2B and C), the germination and soju formation were suppressed by the priming treatment as compared to the non-treatment treatment, which was applied to the massive seedlings. Was judged to be undesirable.
[90] Test Example 5: Low temperature treatment before sowing
[91] To investigate the effect of low temperature treatment on germination, the germination rate from 2 weeks to 12 weeks after tooth decay was investigated in 25, ℃ dark room at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks at 3 ℃. The results are shown in FIG.
[92] The germination rate was the best after 6 weeks of sowing, but no difference was found from 8 weeks of cold treatment from 10 weeks after sowing. On the other hand, 4 weeks and 16 weeks of treatment with low and short periods of low temperature treatment tended to decrease after 9 weeks after sowing. Was analyzed as no difference. Therefore, the low temperature treatment before sowing was judged to be 8-12 weeks.
[93] Test Example 6 seed softening and GA before sowing ₃process
[94] Not only accelerated germination of dormant seeds, GA ₃ treatment, which is known to be effective for seed dormancy breakthrough, is also known to be effective for seed germination of roundworms, and it has been shown to be effective for seed softening treatment. 1996. A Study on Dormane Dormancy Mechanisms and Dormitory Dormancy Breakage Effects of Several Seed Treatments on Germination, Soju Formation, and Dormitory Elongation.Agricultural Papers ('95) Jin-Ho Kang, Young-Sup Ryu, and Kye-Hyun Jang, 1997. A Study on the Doungleol Dormant Mechanism and Break-up Dormancy Restraints 1. Germination and Soju Formation by Treatment of Hussook, KOH and Gibberellin. Jin-Ho Kang, Young-Sup Ryu, and Jung-Min Park 1997b.Donggule dormancy mechanism and dormitory dormancy breakdown 2. Suppression of dormant dormancy due to low temperature and gibberellin treatment. 39: 39-45) After 40% longitudinal softening treatment to 10% KOH, 8 days treatment to 1.0 mM GA ₃ , or no treatment without addition to each other, germination using tosyl soil at 25 ℃ constant temperature The test was performed.
[95] Untreated control (no treatment) to investigate the effects of treatment alone or in combination, softening for 40 minutes in 10% KOH or immersing in GA ₃ 1.0 mM for 8 days (GA ₃ ) Or, after germination softening treatment using KOH, the germination test was performed by treating GA ₃ (Softening + GA ₃ ). As a result, germination rate and soju formation rate at 12 weeks after sowing were as shown in FIG. 5.
[96] The treatment of seed softening with KOH showed higher germination and soju formation rates than the combination of no treatment, GA ₃ alone or GA ₃ treatment after seed softening. Combined treatment of seed softening and GA ₃ was found to be less effective than GA ₃ alone treatment, which is a substitute for low temperature treatment (Gang Jin-ho, Ryu Young-seop, Kim Seok-hyun, Jang Gye-hyun, Kim Dong-gil, 1996. A Study on the Dormant dormant Mechanism and Breaking Dormitory Dormant Effect of Some Seed Treatments on Germination, Soju Embryogenesis, and Dormitory Elongation, Korean Journal of Agriculture ('95 -Industry-Aid) 38: 157-169; Seed germination characteristics and phase contraction dormant breakup, master's thesis, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Yeongseop Ryu, 1997) The treatment of seedling softening and GA ₃ was not an effective treatment for seedlings.
[97] Test Example 7 Softening and Low Temperature Treatment Before Seeding
[98] To examine whether seed-coat softening and prechilling can improve germination and soju formation, seed soaking in 10% KOH solution for 40 minutes, or not soaking. After the treatment, the germination test was performed using the topsoil by combining the low temperature treatment with or without the low temperature treatment at 3 ° C. for 8 weeks with or without the control.
[99] Similar to the above test items, it is known to be effective in germination and soju formation of the roundworms (Kang, Jin-ho, Ryu, Young-seop, Kim, Seok-hyun, Jang, Gye-hyun, Kim, Dong-gil. Effects on Subformation and Epidermal Growth in Korea (Agricultural Cooperation, '95) 38: 157-169) To investigate the effects of mixed treatment of seed softening and low temperature treatment, the seedlings were soaked or immersed in 10% KOH solution for 40 minutes. The germination test was carried out after applying the low-temperature treatment at 8 ° C for 8 weeks or the low-temperature treatment without the added softening treatment and the low-temperature treatment at 3 ℃ after seed softening treatment. The treatment averages of the germination-related traits at and 12 weeks were as shown in Table 3 below.
[100] Effect of Seed Softening and Low Temperature Treatment on Germination and Morphological Changes of Hoofed Seeds at 6 or 12 Weeks after Sowing divisiongerminationSuzhouShochu jangRootLogistics 6 ^* 12612612612612%cm / plantno. plant Seed softening No treatment56.061.888.595.30.511.083.484.931.834.50 KOH60.870.577.997.00.601.283.855.222.004.67 LSD.053.72.58.0ns0.070.09ns0.27nsns Low temperature treatment (weeks: P) 041.347.887.994.80.451.103.424.901.834.33 875.584.578.697.40.671.263.925.252.004.83 LSD.053.72.58.0ns0.070.09ns0.27nsns S x Pns**nsns***nsnsnsns
[101] *: Shows the elapsed time (week) after sowing.
[102] Germination and bulbil lengths were increased or lengthened by treatment of seed softening in both 6 and 12 weeks after sowing compared to no treatment without treatment, while the root number did not differ between treatments. There was no. Root length was not different at 6 weeks after sowing, but tended to be longer at 12 weeks due to longitudinal softening treatment. The softening treatment followed by 8 weeks of low temperature treatment showed the same tendency as the softening treatment. Therefore, the softening treatment followed by low temperature treatment can not only improve germination of seedlings but also produce relatively strong seedlings.
[103] Fig. 6 shows the germination rate and the treatment level of soju soybean (Table 3) analyzed as having an interaction between seed softening and cold treatment. Seed germination (A) and soju subsidiary (B) at 6 or 12 weeks after seeding by seed softening (10% KOH, 40 minutes), low temperature treatment (3 ° C., 8 weeks) and seed softening before low temperature treatment in FIG. You can see the result. The germination rate was the highest in the low temperature treatment after seed softening treatment on all irradiation days, followed by low temperature treatment, seed softening treatment and no treatment. On the other hand, the soju intestine tended to have a similar tendency to germination rate at 6 weeks after sowing, but it was the longest at low temperature treatment after seed softening treatment at 12 weeks after sowing, but the other treatment was the same.
[104] Test Example 8 longitudinal softening treatment before and after the low temperature treatment
[105] In the result of Test Example 7, germination and soju formation rate were improved when the low temperature treatment for 8 weeks after the seed softening resulted in the case of seed softening before the low temperature treatment for 8 weeks and after the low temperature treatment. In order to examine the difference between germination and soju formation in the case of germination, the germination test was performed in the soil after low temperature treatment before or after 40 minutes of immersion in a control-free and 10% KOH solution.
[106] The results of the germination test performed by substituting the treatment order of seed softening and low temperature treatment in order to determine the effect of the treatment method of seed softening and low temperature treatment on germination and soju formation, which are the best treatment combinations in the results of the germination test, Table 4 shows.
[107] Investigation of the results of seedling germination and soju formation at 6 or 12 weeks after sowing before and after cold treatment and seed softening treatment processgerminationSuzhouShochu jangRootLogistics 612612612612612%cm / plantno. plant Control (seed softening)34.052.851.595.10.601.204.534.821.005.00 Seed softening → low temperature treatment45.081.382.897.31.031.505.085.202.006.25 Low temperature treatment22.835.375.889.01.001.605.005.251.754.50 LSD.053.98.414.45.70.110.130.250.250.461.03
[108] The germination rate was increased when the seed softening treatment was applied before the low temperature treatment compared to the control untreated, but decreased when the seed softening treatment was applied after the cold treatment. The seedling formation rate was higher at 6 weeks after sowing than at the softening and low temperature treatment, but at 12 weeks after sowing, the softening of the seed softening after the cold treatment was lower than before or no treatment. Soju intestines and roots were increased in softening and low temperature treatment compared to no treatment, but myoblasts tended to be tender when softening before low temperature treatment, as in germination and soju formation rates.
[109] From the above results, low temperature treatment after seed softening may be the best treatment method by promoting germination and soju formation.
[110] Test Example 9: Seedlot Effect
[111] In the course of the test, there was a difference in germination and soju formation rate by test items, so it was found in Sancheong-eup, Sancheong-gun, which is trying to commercially cultivate seeds and seeds harvested at the Hamyang Herbal Test Center of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Development Institute. Seeds harvested from the cultivation and packaging of Sancheong Food and seedlings from the farms of Chilgok-myeon, Chilyeong-gun, which were managed roughly, were treated with 40% seed softening in 10% KOH or low-temperature treatment at 3 ℃ for 8 weeks. The germination test was carried out after the non-treatment without cross treatment.
[112] The experimental average germination rate results are shown in Table 5 below.
[113] Effects of Seedlot and Pre-sowing on the Germination and Soju Formation of Soybean Seeds at 6 Weeks after Sowing divisiongerminationSuzhou One23456One23456% Seedlot (L) Hamyang0.00.65.328.552.867.40.00.00.37.324.057.6 Sancheong0.00.33.216.833.050.30.00.00.22.811.034.5 Uiryung0.00.11.69.920.030.80.00.00.11.77.223.9 LSD.050.0ns2.55.77.88.40.00.0ns2.34.47.8 Seed softening (S) No treatment0.00.21.813.427.842.40.00.00.22.210.931.8 KOH0.00.44.823.342.756.60.00.00.25.717.245.5 LSD.050.0ns2.04.66.36.910.00.0ns1.93.66.4 Cold treatment (weeks; P) 00.00.21.49.224.840.90.00.00.11.77.631.7 80.00.55.227.645.858.10.00.00.26.220.545.7 LSD.050.0ns2.04.66.36.90.00.0ns1.93.66.4 L X S-nsns**nsns--ns**nsns L X P-nsns******--ns****** S X P-*********--ns****** L X S X P-*ns*nsns--ns*nsns
[114] The average germination rate of each factor was the highest germination rate of the seeds (Hamyang) in the Yangyang Herbal Test Laboratory, which had the best management status, and the seeds (Sancheong), the worst management status, in the farms of Sancheong-eup, Sancheong-gun. The germination rate was affected by the cultivation status of seed crops by decreasing the order of seed (Uiryung) from cultivated farms. The average germination rate was higher from 3 weeks after seeding when seeding started, compared with no treatment without seed softening or low temperature treatment. On the other hand, the rate of formation of soju was similar to the average germination rate, which was different depending on the seed crops, and tended to be improved by softening or cold treatment.
[115] The germination rate change for all factors due to the interaction between treatment factors is shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7 (A: germination rate, B: sojuse formation), the germination rate of each treatment level was the best to apply the low-temperature treatment after the seed softening treatment of all three seeds (Hamyang, Sancheong, Uiryung) different from the cultivation area, in particular Seeds harvested at the Yangyang Herbal Medicine Test Center in the best control condition were almost all germinated after 6 weeks of sowing when combined with softening and low temperature. However, there was no tendency for germination between seed softening and low temperature treatment depending on the seeding condition. On the other hand, the rate of formation of soju was similar to that of germination.
[116] Therefore, germination and soju seed formation are different depending on the cultivation status, so it is judged that the seedlings should be seeded at the place where the cultivation management is good for the efficient raising of the massive seedling.
[117] Test 10: GA after seed softening and low temperature composite treatment ₃process
[118] After 40 minutes of seed softening in 10% KOH followed by 8 weeks of low temperature treatment, soaking was performed for 8 days in GA ₃ 1.0 mM, or in combination with or without GA ₃ treatment. .
[119] The germination test performed using the soil after the treatment is shown in Table 6 below.
[120] Effect of Seed Softening + Low Temperature Pretreatment + GA ₃ Treatment on Germination and Soju Formation of Soybean Seeds at 6 or 12 Weeks after Sowing processgerminationSuzhouShochu jangRootLogistics 612612612612612%cm / plantno. plant Seed softening No treatment67.071.867.285.80.441.053.304.851.204.50 KOH + Low Temperature Treatment76.281.770.385.90.621.153.704.801.674.83 LSD.052.01.6nsns0.13ns0.29nsnsns GA ₃ (1.0 mM; G) 074.482.276.697.40.561.183.524.901.404.50 870.071.362.574.30.521.023.524.751.504.83 LSD.052.01.65.51.5nsnsnsnsnsns S X Gnsnsnsnsns*ns***ns
[121] The germination rate was improved by cold treatment after seeding compared to no treatment on all irradiation days, but the difference between untreated and cold treatment after seeding for bulbil formation, soju intestine, root, and water was examined 12 weeks after sowing. There was no. However, 8 days of GA ₃ treatment at the end of cold treatment after seed softening reduced germination and soju formation rates on all irradiation days. Ml These results GA ₃ treatment alone did effect a Petri dish (ryuyoungseop. 1997. Seed germination characteristics of Polygonatum and epicotyl dormancy breaking. Thesis Gyeongsang National University nonghakgwa. Ryuyoungseop, 1997) than as conflicting results before the GA ₃ treatment It was interpreted as a result of the interaction between true softening, low temperature, and GA ₃ treatment. In order to increase germination and soju formation in mulberry seedlings using top soil, the combined treatment with low temperature treatment after seed softening is the best treatment method. Judging.
[122] Test Example 11: Difference According to Low Temperature Treatment Period after Softening Treatment
[123] As a result of the above test, low temperature treatment after seed softening promoted germination and soju formation of the seedlings, but to examine the possibility of shortening of seedling period, low temperature treatment period after seed softening for 10 minutes KOH for 40 minutes After germination or 4 weeks or 8 weeks of cold treatment, seeding was performed on topsoil, followed by germination test. The germination and soju formation rates were compared and analyzed.
[124] In order to shorten the long-term treatment period in order to shorten the rounding period in the low temperature treatment method after the seed softening, which is the optimal result derived from the above-mentioned low temperature treatment before and after seed softening, After softening, germination, soju formation, and germination-related traits according to the low-temperature treatment period were shown in Table 7.
[125] Effect of Low-Temperature Treatment After Seeding Softening on the Germination and Soju Morphology of Dongo Seeds at 6 and 12 Weeks after Sowing Processing periodgerminationSuzhouShochu jangRootLogistics 6 ^* 12612612612612 %cm / plantno. plant 0 weeks ^** 33.355.351.290.90.531.331.834.471.005.33 4 weeks44.762.080.595.60.671.373.105.331.005.33 8 Weeks50.767.777.398.50.600.373.435.601.675.67 LSD.059.04.815.54.70.09ns0.660.290.66ns
[126] *: Shows the elapsed time (week) after sowing.
[127] **: Low temperature treatment (week) at 3 ℃ after longitudinal softening treatment (10% KOH, 40 minutes).
[128] The germination rate, soju formation rate and root length showed good results in 4 or 8 weeks of cold treatment compared to no treatment without seed treatment after softening, regardless of the time after seeding. There was no difference between treatment periods. However, after 6 weeks of sowing, soju soybean and root water tended to be high in the low-temperature treatment, but the treatment effect disappeared at 12 weeks with relatively long germination period. The results of this test are expected to shorten the time required for the rearing of a large amount of seedlings by about 4 weeks. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the change of seedling occurrence rate.
[129] Example 2 phase-axis dormant breakthrough method of seedlings
[130] Experimental Example 1: GA ₃process
[131] To investigate whether the optimal results of GA ₃ treatment in Petri dishes can be applied to large seedlings in order to shorten the period of dorsal dormant breakthrough, the soil was seeded at 1,530 cm3 in soil and then germinated under dark conditions for 12 weeks at 25 ° C. In a plastic box (47 cm x 37 cm x 8 cm) containing an individual having an upper abdomen, 70 ml of a 1.0 mM solution of GA ₃ was irrigated twice (four days) or four times (8 days) at two-day intervals. Dormant breaks were induced and immediately after treatment, traits related to appearance and growth were examined at 3 or 6 weeks.
[132] Seedling growth and growth-related traits irradiated after 3 weeks or 6 weeks immediately after irradiating 70 ml of GA ₃ 1.0 mM at 2 weeks at 4 days or 8 days at 12 weeks after seeding on the soil was shown in Table 8.
[133] Results of Investigations of Morphology and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean Seedlings on GA ₃ divisionGermination rateExpression rateShochu jangSangbaejangjangLogisticsRoot%cmplant ^-1 cm GA3 turnaround (days; G) 465.00.01.900.0013.78.15 868.50.01.900.0014.29.37 LSD.05nsnsnsnsns0.65 Weeks After GA3 Processing (Weeks) 065.10.01.730.0012.26.84 366.10.02.070.0014.78.96 669.00.02.100.0015.010.49 LSD.05nsns0.14ns1.60.89 G X Wnsnsnsnsns**
[134] There was no difference in germination rate with the GA ₃ irrigation period and with time after the irrigation. Germination and the prevalence (seedling emergence) except for geunjang between a first transformed from 4 days or 8 days of the GA ₃ treatment drench calculated considering, in the Suzhou ahjang, sangbae hoard (epicotyl length) did not differ. After the GA ₃ irrigation treatment, there was a tendency to increase the soju intestinal tract, myocardium and muscle length over time, but there was no elongation of the epidermis associated with the appearance.
[135] Rupture of cotyledonary sheath (A) and epipicotyl elongation (B) survey of white seedlings at 25 ° C. Is shown in FIG. 8.
[136] Cotyledon rupture was different on 4 and 8 days immediately after irrigation of GA ₃ solution, but not on 3 and 6 weeks after treatment. However, even if the cotyledon ruptures about 50%, the upper axis did not elongate. Therefore, in order to find out the cause of the elongation of the upper axis even if the cotyledon is ruptured by cutting the upper axis to observe the internal structure (see Fig. 21) the growth point was wrapped in several layers of cotyledon. Therefore, it is impossible to effectively break the dormancy of the upper axis by artificial GA ₃ treatment. The dorsal dormant breakthrough of the donggule was possible when the dorsal dormant break was immersed in the GA ₃ solution by immersing the seedlings in the GA ₃ solution. Needed to find an appropriate method of dormant dormancy breakdown
[137] Experimental Example 2: Low Temperature Treatment (chilling)
[138] In order to investigate the effect of cold treatment on dorsal dormant breakthrough of the hulling seedlings, the seedlings grown like GA _{3 were} treated for 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks in the dark at 3 ° C. The traits related to appearance and growth were examined at the same day, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks, and the cotyledon rupture rate and phase contraction elongation rate during the cold treatment period and time after cold treatment were shown in FIG. 8.
[139] The cotyledon rupture rate by cold treatment was the lowest at 4 weeks, the shortest period of cold treatment, until 3 weeks after cold treatment for axial dormant rupture. Showed. Comparing between GA ₃ and low temperature treatments for resting dorsal dormancy during large seedlings using soils, even if the cotyledon rupture rate of GA ₃ treatments is slightly lower than that of low temperature treatments, the seedlings do not appear due to elongation of the upper axis Turned out to be. Therefore, it was not possible to apply the GA ₃ treatment result from petri dishes to the mass seedlings of roundley which required shortening of seedling period.
[140] Table 9 shows the results of investigating seedling reactions over time after 3 ° C. low temperature treatment and low temperature treatment in a dark room as a method to overcome phase hypoxia dormancy.
[141] Investigation of the expression and morphological characteristics of the round seedling seedlings during the low temperature period and the elapsed time divisionGermination rateRCSEpicotyl elongationExpression rateShochu jangSangbaejangjangRootLogistics Cold treatment time (weeks; C) 463.292.787.614.61.170.945.025.00 667.292.490.925.81.251.655.175.44 868.493.090.726.41.251.675.145.55 1271.495.589.930.51.301.675.235.66 LSD.053.32.32.61.00.080.14ns0.51 Elapsed time after low temperature treatment (week, W) 064.189.182.80.01.070.404.374.75 366.894.691.222.61.171.125.365.50 671.896.695.350.41.492.925.696.00 LSD.052.92.02.20.90.070.120.240.46 C X Wns*****ns**nsns
[142] As the cold treatment period increased from 4 weeks to 12 weeks, the germination rate was increased, and as a result, the germination rate was increased as the cold treatment period increased. In particular, as the cold treatment period increased from 4 weeks to 6 weeks, the elongation rate, emergence rate, soju soy sauce, umbilical axis and the number of roots increased significantly. In addition, as the time passed after low temperature treatment for 3 or 6 weeks, all of the irradiation properties showed a tendency to increase.
[143] As can be seen in Table 9, the seedling emergence rate and the phase axis length were shown to have an interaction between the low temperature treatment period and the elapsed time after the low temperature treatment for phase axial dormancy breakdown, and for each of these factors under white light irradiation at 25 ° C. for 12 hours. The change according to the level was investigated and the result is shown in FIG. 9 (A: seedling emergence rate, B: Sangbaejangjang).
[144] Seedling rate (%) was not different between 6-12 weeks from 3 weeks after low temperature treatment, but low at 4 weeks. However, epicotyl length (cm) was found to be similar to seedling emergence immediately after low temperature treatment. Therefore, the effects on seedling appearance and growth-related traits were different between 4 and 6 weeks of cold treatment.
[145] In summary, low-temperature and gibberellin treatments related to dorsal dorsal dorsal breakup showed that the cotyledon rupture water of GA ₃ was higher in 8 days than 4 days immediately after treatment, but the treatment effect disappeared as time passed. There was no emergence seedling at all. Therefore, it was found that the dorsal dormant breakthrough of the roundworm using GA ₃ is not applicable to the massive seedlings using the topsoil, although it is possible to carry out small scale in the laboratory. This is interpreted as the cause has not been exposed to GA ₃ solution results because the hypocotyl is wrapped with layers of the second cotyledon but is ruptured when characters drench treatment of GA ₃ solution sheath. On the other hand, low-temperature treatments with cotyledon rupture and elongated hypocotyl growth could be used for mass nursery. However, the degree of seedling was affected by the low temperature treatment period, and it was analyzed that at least 6 weeks of low temperature treatment should be applied.
[146] Example 3 investigation of improvement of seedling appearance rate
[147] In Example 3, the seed, after ripening, was softened and germinated by germination according to the method of Example 1 and Example 2, and the temperature, light intensity and nutrient solution were applied to the emergence rate of seedlings after cold treatment for axial dormant breakthrough. The impact of supply was investigated.
[148] (1) influence of temperature
[149] In this experiment, to examine whether the test results of Example 1 can be directly applied to the packaging with severe environmental variation without acclimatization, the subjects were found to have an embryonic dormant breakthrough of seedlings in which germination and soju were formed during the emergence of seedlings. Immediately after treatment at different temperatures at 25 ° C. or 25 ° C., traits related to the appearance and growth of seedlings were examined at 6 and 12 weeks and the results are shown in Tables 10 and 11 below.
[150] Effects of Temperature Changes after Dormant Break on the Related Characteristics of Seedling Seedlings divisionSuzhouRCSEpicotyl elongationSeedling Temperature (℃) Control Area (Greenhouse)98.195.393.927.5 1596.693.891.815.8 2594.791.789.623.8 LSD.051.92.43.03.0 Elapsed time after low temperature treatment 090.983.780.50.0 698.598.296.429.9 12100.098.998.437.2 LSD.051.92.43.03.0 T X W*******
[151] Effects of Temperature Changes after Dormant Break on the Characteristics of Dugulle Seeding divisionLogisticsRootShochu jangSangbaejangjangLeaf areano./plantcm / plantcm ² / plant Temperature (℃) Control Area (Greenhouse)6.94.651.372.191.31 156.04.531.284.840.54 255.94.431.384.171.63 LSD.050.6ns0.070.130.10 Weeks After Cold Treatment 05.24.271.140.790.00 65.94.561.375.141.62 127.74.801.495.281.87 LSD> 050.60.270.080.130.10 T X W**ns*****
[152] As shown in Table 10, bulbil formation, rupture of cotyledonary sheath (RCS), and epityl elongation were the best in the control of high temperature and luminosity There was no difference between 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ treatment, and seedling emergence was highest in the control and decreased in order of 25 ℃ and 15 ℃. Meanwhile, as the change of the temperature treatment period, somatic seed formation rate, cotyledon leaf rupture rate, and axial elongation rate increased at 6 and 12 weeks rather than just after axial dormant break, but there was no difference between 6 and 12 weeks. It showed a tendency to increase with time after phase axis dormant breakthrough. Therefore, in order to increase seedling emergence rate of individuals with axial dormancy breakdown, it is considered to be a desirable method considering the management aspect and the efficiency of the test when it is directly deployed on the packaging or greenhouse above 25 ℃.
[153] According to Table 11, the roots of the growth-related traits with treatment temperature were similar to those of the axial axis, but the leaf area per soju and the individual showed the lowest result at 15 ℃ as well as the seedling rate. However, in the case of Sangbaejangjang, the growth time was increased to 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the low temperature treatment for breakaway bedtime dormancy.
[154] Seedling-related traits (Table 10) and growth-related traits (Table 11) were analyzed to have an interaction between the treatment temperature and the elapsed time for each treatment.
[155] The cotyledon rupture rate (A) and phase axis elongation rate (B) were found to disappear after 6-12 weeks under different temperature conditions after phase axis dormant breakthrough. Seedling emergence (C) was the highest in the control group of the super-greenhouse and the lowest in the 15- ℃ range, while the 6- and 12-week post treatments showed the highest temperature and brightness. In decreasing order. On the other hand, after 12 weeks of temperature differentiation, the number of control group of vitreous greenhouse was the highest, and the leaf area per individual decreased in order of 25 ℃, control zone of vitreous greenhouse, and 15 ℃.
[156] The above test results showed that seedling emergence rate and leaf area per individual were good in the control and supernatant of 25 ℃, so that it was desirable to keep the temperature around 25 ℃ during seed propagation. In addition, considering the mechanical equipment for temperature control, it was judged that it would be an advantageous seedling method to be deployed on the packaging immediately after the phase axle dormancy treatment.
[157] (2) influence of brightness
[158] In this experiment, we examined 100% (8.60 μE) light-blocking control of superviolet greenhouses that receive natural light directly from the dorsal breakthroughs to examine whether there is a difference in seedling emergence and growth between the cultivated plants whose light intensity is constantly controlled and the relatively strong paving plants m ^-2 s ^-1 ), 6 weeks and 12 immediately after shading with 80% (6.96 μE m ^-2 s ^-1 ) and 55% (4.90 μE m ^-2 s ^- 1) of unshielded light using a light shielding film During the week, traits related to the emergence and growth of seedlings were investigated.
[159] After germination, to find out the appearance and growth of seedlings according to the luminosity after dormant break-up, the 20% of the control was shaded by 80% and 55%. As a result of the different light intensity after dormant break treatment, the traits related to seedling emergence at 6 and 12 weeks after light treatment were shown in Table 12, and the traits related to growth were shown in Table 13.
[160] Luminance Effects After Phase Ixia Dormant Influence on the Characteristics Associated with the Emergence of Hoofores divisionSuzhouRCSSangbae axis heightSeedling% Luminance (%; L) Control (100)96.694.393.229.8 8097.894.693.726.8 5593.991.589.323.4 LSD.051.52.53.02.5 Weeks After Cold Treatment 089.783.180.10.0 698.898.197.239.2 1299.898.197.298.8 LSD.051.52.53.02.5 L X W*****
[161] Luminance Effects After Phase Axial Dormancy Influences on Morphological Features Associated with the Emergence of the Hoofore Seedlings divisionLogisticsRootShochu jangSangbaejangjangLeaf areano./plantcm / plantcm ² / plant Luminance (%; L) Control (100)6.84.581.422.591.14 806.44.571.473.241.50 555.84.311.373.521.51 LSD> 050.5nsns0.180.08 Weeks After Cold Treatment 05.14.201.120.790.00 66.04.581.504.272.05 127.94.701.634.302.10 LSD.050.50.320.100.180.08 L X W**nsns****
[162] Among the traits related to seedling emergence, the seedling formation rate, cotyledon rupture number, and axial elongation rate were low at 55% compared to 80% of no shading and no shading, but the seedling emergence decreased to 55% at no shading. . As a result of the shading period, the somatic seed formation rate, cotyledon leaf rupture rate, phase axial elongation rate and seedling appearance rate increased significantly up to 6 weeks after treatment, but hardly increased at 12 weeks. Table 12).
[163] On the other hand, as the change of growth-related traits, the number of roots tended to decrease in the order of 80% and 55% of luminosity, compared with no shading. However, periaxial length and leaf area per individual were longer and larger in 80% and 55% than unshielded light. The response to the progress of the shading period was also significantly increased up to 6 weeks after the shading treatment, but not so much from 6 to 12 weeks, similar to the seedling-related traits (Table 13).
[164] Cotyledon rupture number, phase axis elongation rate, emergence rate, number of roots per individual, phase axis length, and leaf area have interaction between elapsed time after shading treatment and shading treatment for low axial sleep dormancy. 11 is shown.
[165] As shown in FIG. 11, cotyledon rupture water (A) and phase axis elongation (B) were not different between 6 and 12 weeks after shading treatment, whereas seedling emergence rate (C) was 80% of no light shielding. In contrast, the light intensity decreased to 55%. However, the root canal (D) was decreased after 12 weeks after the start of the shading process by decreasing the brightness, such as seedling appearance rate. The upper ablation length (E) and the leaf area (F) were short and small in the relatively high brightness without light shielding 6 weeks after the shading treatment.
[166] Summarizing the above results for light intensity, even though light intensity of 80% or more in the natural state does not affect the cotyledon rupture rate and elongation rate, the higher the shading, the lower the seedling emergence and the number of roots, the longer the coaxial axis and the longer the terminal lobe. In particular, the intensity of light intensity up to 6 weeks after axial dormant break had a significant effect. Therefore, it was judged that it would be possible to produce a strong seedling by restraining the coating rather than using a facility with low brightness, such as a growth ground after break-up dormancy.
[167] (3) nutrient supply effect
[168] After 5 ~ 6 months have passed after planting seedlings on topsoil, seedlings appear and at the same time, the monocots develop and seedlings become autotrophs and develop into independent individuals. In this experiment, it is expected that supplying nutrients from outside to seedlings will affect the appearance and growth of seedlings. As soon as the end of the nutrient solution was prepared in the control and the laboratory supplying only distilled water as follows, 400 ml per box was supplied once a week for 6 weeks, and the seedlings appeared at 6 and 12 weeks after the nutrient solution was finished. The traits related to growth were examined. The liquid preparation was prepared in 1 L of distilled water with Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ .4H ₂ O 708 mg, MgSO ₄ .4H ₂ O 246 mg, KNO ₃ 505 mg, NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ 230 mg, H ₃ BO ₃ 1.24 mg, 0.124 mg of CuSO ₄ · H ₂ O, 4 mg of Fe-EDTA, 2.2 mg of MnSO ₄ · 4H ₂ O, 0.08 mg of H ₂ MoO ₄ , and 1.15 mg of ZnSO ₄ · 7H ₂ O, were diluted using a small water stopper. I was irrigation.
[169] Table 14 shows the effects of seedlings on growth and seedling growth when the medicinal plants were not supplied or not supplied from the end of the low temperature treatment for axial dormant breakthrough.
[170] Seedling appearance and morphological characteristics influenced by elapsed time and nutrient supply after low temperature treatment divisionExpression rateShochu jangSangbaejangjangExtra longRootLogisticsLeaf area%cm / plantno.cm ² / plant Nutrient Supply (N) No supply40.81.542.723.894.776.111.21 supply41.01.912.542.725.136.891.22 LSD.05ns0.150.11ns0.230.54ns Weeks After Cold Treatment 001.130.782.334.285.330.00 648.01.823.503.174.956.171.73 1274.72.233.626.005.628.001.92 LSD.055.50.190.130.880.280.660.10 N X Wns*nsnsnsnsns
[171] Feeding the nutrient solution after the low temperature treatment for axial dormant rupture lengthened the soju and promoted the development of the root, while there was no effect on seedling rate, grass height, and leaf area. On the other hand, the formulations examined with the passage of time did not interact with the nutrient solution and the time course after low temperature treatment for phase contraction dormancy except for soju. The lack of treatment effect on nutrient supply was due to the relatively short treatment period because the nutrient solution was treated together with the end of low temperature treatment for axial dormancy breakdown. In particular, the effect of shading and nutrient supply on seedling growth and traits, which can be relatively easy in the seedling process, should be investigated later, and it should be used as data for seedling through seed propagation. .
[172] The effects of light intensity, temperature, and nutrient supply on seedling growth and growth after axial dormant rupture are relatively difficult to control, especially in large seedlings. Since seedling emergence and growth are suppressed at low temperatures, it would be possible to raise seedlings using natural conditions efficiently by calculating and seeding seedling generators so that temperature is not an obstacle. On the other hand, light intensity is reduced in some traits due to shading, and the growth of seedlings is slightly suppressed. However, as light intensity increases, strong seedlings with short intercutions can be obtained. . In addition, the nutrient solution supply was less effective than expected, but it was judged that it is preferable to supply the nutrient solution early, because the seedling is made for a long time.
[173] Example 4 Growth Patterns of Vessels and Underground Diameters
[174] (1) Changes in embryo morphology during germination: The seeds were randomly taken from seedlots of selected seeds after harvesting at Hamyang Herbal Experimental Institute of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Development Institute, and used to measure the change of external and internal morphology of seeds. The pear size measured after dividing the seed into 2 parts by 10 repetitions by lip was measured by 5 repetitions by 20 reps. To determine whether the size of the vessel changes during ripening, the ripening temperature is divided into 15, 25, and 35 ℃, and the treatment period is divided into 1, 3, 5, and 7 months, and the seeds are cut and photographed inside with a stereoscopic microscope. The change of the embryo was observed by the method.
[175] The outer and inner structure and size of the round seed were as shown in FIG. The external structure (A) of the seeds was arranged in the form of 胚珠 生 胚珠 where the tip of the ship containing the primitives of the ground part and the base part protruded and 直 生 胚珠 which is located opposite to the seed. It was observed to cover the same thickness as the other parts. The external dimensions of the girth between 3.5 and 臍 were 3.5 ± 0.24 mm, 4.0 4.0 ± 0.32 mm, and 30.5 ± 0.51 g in the middle grain. Seed Sci. Tech. 8: Seed Sci. Tech. 8: The internal structure of the seed (B). The pear is a typical linear form of the family Liliaceae arranged towards the center of the seed (Atwater, BR 1980. Germination, dormancy and morphology of the seeds of herbaceous ornamental plants. 523-573), the vessel length was 1.3 ± 0.41 mm, and the abdomen was 0.4 ± 0.07 mm.
[176] Internal structure morphologies that tracked morphological changes of embryos with ripening temperature and ripening period are shown in FIG. 13 (mean H, hilum; EM, embryo; EN, endosperm).
[177] It was observed that the pear lengthened or the diameter did not increase at all according to the ripening temperature and duration applied after seeding. Therefore, the seedling, which takes two years from germination to seedling emergence, is not caused by immature embryos but from embryos or seedlings. In particular, germination is poor due to unobservable internal problems rather than observable external changes. will be.
[178] When seedlings were germinated, the roots or ground leaf lobes did not protrude first as shown in Fig. 14, but the germs and roots developed after the embryonic axis was extended. The germination process was largely the form of differentiation of roots and sojus, which form the ground and underground diameters, after the embryonic axis penetrated through the epidermis. Therefore, it was shown in Fig. 15 that the seed section of the seed was observed at the initial stage of germination in order to follow the changes in the embryonic axis that form the soju and the root. Before the contraction of the ventral axis, the primordial bodies of small and underground diameters were observed at the apical part adjacent to the main hole (A), and the primordial bodies of the two tissues were slightly separated from the apex of the abdomen as the ventral axis was elongated (B). This swelled slightly (C) and grew in size over time, then progressed to the step of proximal axis and root proliferation from soju (D). Therefore, the seedlings of soju and root, which form underground diameters processed as ground and tea at the apical part of seeds before germination, begin to differentiate after the lower part of the embryo is extended and exposed to the outside, and they grow and develop as independent tissues. It can be summarized as that (FIG. The degree of change of the embryo and the form of the embryo in the germinating seed as well as the dynamics of the primate forming roots and roots is shown in FIG. 16. The embryo in the seed begins to erode the endosperm (A, B) as the axis of the rod elongates (A, B), as shown in Figure 12A, and continues to erode over time. Isolated (C). Therefore, in view of the movement of the primate and the change of embryo and endosperm, it is not appropriate to express the germination of the round gills or the root of elongation as a result of elongation of part of the axis.
[179] It takes about 18 months from seeding to seedling due to dormant dormancy, unlike food crops or horticultural crops, but the stems of the ground and the roots of the basement do not protrude directly from the seeds, but are formed before germination at the top of the pear. Soju and root primates protrude out of the epidermis by elongating the lower part of the hypocotyl, which can be said to germinate. Through this process, the seedlings of soju and the roots protruding out of the seed are developed into a form that can be visually identified, respectively, and they can be said to have the appearance as seedlings. However, the appearance of seedlings can be summed up in the form of seedlings appearing on the ground and terminal lobes developed by the expansion of the upper axis after the dormant of the upper axis formed in the apex of Suzhou. Therefore, unlike general crops, the germination and seedling emergence of the round gore are characterized by the fact that roots and stems are not formed directly from the seeds, but their primates move out of the seeds to differentiate into individual organs. Therefore, it was judged that the efficiency of mass rearing of the round oyster using seeds can be improved by understanding these germination characteristics.
[180] (2) Changes in internal and external morphology of seedling growth stages: The internal structure of the seed germinating is sown after filling with dry heat sterilized sand in Petri dishes and using the germinated seed as a test material, or in a plastic box of the same size as above. After the soil was filled with the topsoil, seeding was carried out at regular intervals, and then washed with water as a material for the growth stages of the seedlings, or cut and colored with carmine as described above to be used as a material for microscopy. . On the other hand, the external shape of the seedlings is 6 weeks after the low temperature treatment for phase dorsum dormancy and the appearance of seedlings in the growth zones where the temperature and brightness are relatively weak and the shade of 20% with the mosquito net in the natural state. Afterwards, pores of seedlings and leaves were photographed. In order to observe the change of shape according to seedlings, seedlings with terminal leaves formed by seeding and seed germination were germinated as shown in Fig. 1, and the seedlings with terminal leaves were artificially treated for 4 weeks by applying low-temperature treatment at 3 ° C to erase foliage and dormant at the same time. New leaves appeared and seedlings grown for about 6 weeks were used as test materials.
[181] As a result of the above test, the tissue change in the seed at the early stage of germination of the hulling was developed in a very unusual form unlike general food crops. 17 shows the process from seeding to development of the terminal lobe which can be observed with the naked eye. After sowing seeds on topsoil (A) 6-12 weeks, soju and root were formed through the process of photographs 2, 3 and 4 (B), and the epidermis was protruded from the soju and formed several roots. Started to elongate (C). The proximal axis protruding from the soju infant had to be subjected to at least 4 weeks of low temperature treatment at 3 ° C. as reported in the above “Effective phase axis dormancy breakdown method setting” (D). Even if the axial axis breaks out from the dormant state, (D) the axial axis extends from the state where it does not appear on the ground, (E) the seedlings appear on the ground, and then the terminal lobe develops. (G), small protrusions developed on top of the sojua that formed over time (H). On the other hand, the seedlings (I), which have been artificially cold-treated to remove ground foliage from the ground and subjected to low temperature treatment for dormant breakup of the upper axis for about 5 weeks, have been grown for about 6 weeks and have a relatively long height. It was observed to be large. Therefore, as the number of leaves growing more than the initial growth was expected to increase the diameter of the underground diameter. Among the germination process of the above-mentioned seeds, A and B stages can be further divided into four stages of FIG. 14, and C and D stages can be further divided into three stages.
[182] On the other hand, doungle is required to break the dormant of the upper axis, so it is necessary to artificially break the dormancy in order to shorten the seedling period (陳瑛, 1998b; Wareing, PF and IDJ Phillips. 1981. Dormancy. In P.F.Wareing and IDJ Phillips (ed.). Growth and Differentiation in Plants (3rd ed.). Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, England.
[183] Wareing et al., 1981) As shown in the results of the present study, dormant breaks of the upper axis were not possible with GA3 treatment in the nursery, and the low temperature treatment was more efficient. And the shape is shown in FIG. Seedlings and roots of the seedlings emerged by elongation of the dorsal axis of dormant, which had been dormant through low temperature treatment (A), but the terminal lobes of the seedlings were severely painted even though their appearance was normal (B). Since these tests were conducted in the growing area, the reason is that the light intensity is weak compared to the natural state (4.9 u E m ^-2 s ^-1 ). Investigation of the effect on the morphology of the terminal lobe showed that (D) the terminal lobe was smaller in size and thicker than the (C) shading to about 65%. Therefore, it is expected that robust seedlings can be produced by increasing the brightness that can be easily processed in the process of seedlings appearing, but more detailed examination is needed later.
[184] Fig. 19 shows the results of observing the pore distribution and morphology of the terminal lobe formed in the seedlings whose upper hypocotyl dormant was broken through the above-described low temperature treatment. The pores of the gorge were distributed in both the front and rear of the leaf, but the frequency was high in the rear as in other plants, and the form of the pores was kidney type, which was not severely depressed from the surface of the leaf.
[185] In order to trace the formation process of the underground diameter which is the use part of the roundley, the seedlings in which the monocots are formed are subjected to low temperature treatment for 6 weeks by artificially removing the leaves for 6 weeks as shown in step H of FIG. In the case of repeating the process twice, the results of examining the morphological changes of soju and roots are as shown in FIG. The foliage of the upper axial axis, which was first extended from the apex of the sojuia, disappeared due to the low temperature treatment, and a new underground diameter was branched and several roots appeared from the sojua node. On the other hand, the results of comparing the growth of the soju each year is shown in Figure 20.
[186] Seedlings emerged from seed germination and artificially low-temperature treatment of year 1 (A, C) where terminal leaves were formed was applied. Compared to), the number of roots is large and the terminal leaf is large, especially sojua, in other words, the underground diameter is large. These underground diameters are much larger in the second year than in the first year, and as the growth progresses, the underground diameter is expected to become larger. In the results of the above test, the seedlings are the first tissues to form the seedlings because the seedlings of the seedlings and roots continue to develop and form the seedlings. there was.
[187] (3) Basin shape of seedling underground view: The branching of underground view overlaps with the previous two items, so the characteristics of the external shape can be explained as a result of the above. Tissues were cut at each growth stage, stained with caramine as described above, and magnified and photographed with an optical microscope.
[188] As a result of the test, in the germination stage of the seed, the priming bodies forming the soju and the roots were moved to the outside of the epidermis as the axis of the kidney was extended (FIG. 15), but the tissue began to differentiate into the soju and the root, but formed on the top of the soju If the axial axis is not broken from dormancy, it does not appear to develop into seedlings as in the above `` setting of the axial axis dormancy breakdown method '' test. However, in studies with groups such as the use petri dish reported to be effective at all (ryuyoungseop. 1997. Seed germination characteristics of Polygonatum and epicotyl dormancy breaking. Thesis Gyeongsang National University nonghakgwa. Ryuyoungseop, 1997), the GA ₃ treatment No seedlings emerged. 21 shows a result of photographing the cut plane of the upper axis of the axis using a microscope to trace the cause. Immediately after the formation of soju, the upper axial axis was wrapped with several layers of cotyledon (A), but when cold treatment was applied to break the upper dorsum dormant, cotyledons were ruptured step by step and the upper axial axis was exposed to the outside and cold treatment was performed. (B). This phenomenon is due to the fact that the cotyledons do not rupture even if the low-temperature treatment is not performed even in the enlarged eye of the subject already growing from the subsurface, ie, the GA ₃ treatment effect is related to the phase axis that protrudes on the apex of the soju. This is due to the inability to dormant breakthroughs (C, D).
[189] In order to elucidate the branching pattern of seedlings, the results of observing the internal tissue differentiation by further expanding the phenomenon in which the primitives of the soju and the root are transferred to the soju formation are shown in FIG. 22 (B, bulbil; E, epicotyl; EA, embryonic axis; EM, embryo; EN, endosperm; P, primordia of bulbil and root; RC, root cap; S, seed). The germination of the round gills is not only in an unusual form, but also at the stage of seed maturation, their primitives have already formed and are further developed during the germination process.
[190] Cross sections were taken to observe the structure of the germinating seedlings and internal tissues of seedlings (B, bulbil; C, cotyledonary sheaths; E, epicotyl; EA, embryonic axis; EM, embryo; EN, endosperm; RH, rhizome) and FIG. 24 (EP, epidermis; R, root; VB, vascular bundles). At the stage where the embryonic axis elongates to form soju, a tissue is developed that transmits the decomposed nutrients to the growing soju or root while encroaching on the endosperm (Fig. 23 A), especially at the apex of the soju. At the stage of development of the superaxes covered with several layers of cotyledons, tissues capable of dissociating and disseminating nutrients from the seed's endosperm were connected to the elongated hypocotyls (see Fig. 23B). . On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 23C, the section of a small kidney, ie, the first underground diameter, cut at right angles has well developed epidermal tissue in the epidermis and the center, which are connected to the upper abdomen wrapped with cotyledons. At the seedling stage, the flow of material could be deduced (Fig. 23D).
[191] Referring to FIG. 24, which observes the ductal tissue between the root and the inside of the gyroscopic tube developed from Suzhou, as shown in FIG. 23C, the ductal tissue was not evenly biased to a specific part but was evenly distributed in the entire surface. , C) The duct was composed of cells that are denser than the cells inside. On the other hand, the roots formed from soju are also connected to well-developed ducts. Therefore, the process of developing the seedlings of Hunggole is different from other species. In the germination stage, the primordial organs of soju and root located at the apex of the embryonic axis and the tissues corresponding to the primitive axis of the hypocotyl which are observed later It was found that the lower part of the larvae developed after elongation, and the somatic infants formed at the stage of seed germination form the underground diameter. appear.
[192] Example 5 Establishment of Mass Cultivation Basic System
[193] As a test material for performing the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 28, the individual or seedlings appearing after the low temperature treatment were completely equipped with terminal leaves were used.
[194] (1) Growth of seedlings according to :: To compare the elongation pattern of the underground diameter according to the number of low temperature treatments, 1-year-old seedlings formed with sojuia were emerged as seedlings for the first year, and the first year seedlings at 3 ° C. After 6 weeks of low temperature treatment, dormant was induced and then developed at room temperature, followed by the emergence of phase axis, and the 2nd year was observed to see the underground diameter and growth patterns of seedlings. In order to elucidate the results, 15-week-old growth-related traits were examined after cold treatment.
[195] The test items that were conducted in the improvement of seedling emergence in the development of the mass seedling technology were investigated until the seedlings functioned as autotrophs until 12 weeks after low-temperature treatment for axial dormancy breakdown. will be. Therefore, it was necessary to track the changes that occurred during the transition from the first year seedlings with monocotyledonous leaves to the second year seedlings with foliage and new ground formation. The seedlings were seeded after artificially low temperature was applied to the first year seedlings with terminal lobe formed from germination of seeds, and then returned to normal temperature.
[196] Effects of Repetitive Low Temperature Treatment on Leafy Seedlings on the Characteristics Related to Seedling Seedlings divisionSuzhouRCSSangbae axis heightSeedling expression % Low Temperature Treatment 196.494.188.837.9 Low temperature treatment 2 *98.497.497.461.9 LSD.05nsns2.58.4
[197] *: The second cold treatment (cold treatment 2) was performed on seedlings with fully spread leaves after the first cold treatment.
[198] Effects of Repetitive Low Temperature Treatment on Leaf-bearing Seedlings on Morphological Characteristics of Seedling Seedlings divisionLogisticsRootShochu jangSuzhou sub-diameterSangbaejangjangExtra longLeaf areano./plantcm or cm ² / plant Low Temperature Treatment 17.03.971.470.262.936.771.83 Low Temperature Treatment 226.06.903.000.566.9313.403.50 LSD.051.60.880.720.030.990.430.33
[199] In the first and second years, there was no difference in the rate of cotyledon leaf rupture formed at the top of the soju, ie, the basement. On the other hand, morphological differences between 1st and 2nd year seedlings showed that root height and leaf area were increased in rooting and root length related to roots and soju intestine, soju diameter, upper abdomen, and above ground traits in rooting. It was investigated (Table 16).
[200] Therefore, when seedlings produced by sowing seeds are subjected to low temperature treatment again and the ground part is developed in the underground diameter after erasing the leaves, the underground diameter is large and two terminal lobes are developed as shown in FIG. It has been determined that the treatment will be repeated. However, these treatments require at least 6 weeks and 12 weeks of emergence of seedlings following the dormitory dormancy break in year 1, and at least 6 weeks for the transition to year 2, which requires a total of 18 weeks. Therefore, even if the second year seedlings are of better quality than the first year, such treatment requires a lot of facilities and maintenance costs.
[201] As described above, the results of the seedling growth and growth according to temperature, light intensity, nutrient solution, and seedling after cold treatment for phase axial dormancy breakdown are summarized. It was encouraged by the artificial nutrient supply. Therefore, it can be said that it can be deployed directly on the field rather than inducing seedling emergence by using the facility that requires funding after low temperature treatment for break-up dormant dormancy. Immediate deployment should be limited to June and September, where temperatures and luminosity are relatively high. On the other hand, since seedling growth is promoted by nutrient supply, good seedlings can be secured if the fertilizer is relatively easy to handle and then irrigated at regular intervals after open field development.
[202] (2) Comparison by excellent seedling method: In the experimental example items of the method of improving seedling emergence in the development of the above-mentioned mass seedling technology, the conclusion is that the seedling emergence or growth should be slowed at the low temperature of 15 ° C and the seedling emergence should be sown. However, shading and nutrient supply are relatively easy to process. In particular, seedlings using seeds of the oyster are expected to produce good quality seedlings when proper nutrients are supplied during the seedling process, and the test to change the shape of seedlings by increasing the leaf area by reducing the brightness to 80% in the above test From the results, the control was shaded at 80%, and the control was supplied with only distilled water at 80%, and the nutrient solution was treated in the same manner as in the above experimental example. The traits related to appearance and growth were examined.
[203] In the test results of the improvement method of seedling emergence rate, the difference in temperature and brightness affects the seedling appearance and growth. The control and the supply of medicine were very easy to handle. For this reason, shading, shading, and nutrient solution are supplied to establish the better seedling method by grasping the light intensity applied to seedling generators after low temperature treatment for axial dormant breakage, that is, the effect on seedling appearance and growth according to shading and nutrient supply. The results of the treatment with or without nutrient supply were shown in Table 17.
[204] Effects of Elapsed Time after Low Temperature Treatment for Shading, Nutrient Supply, and Phase Axial Dormancy on Oculus Seedling and Morphological Characteristics divisionSeedlingShochu jangSangbaejangjangRootLogistics%cm / plantno. Shading No shading36.91.732.634.956.50 Shading27.91.822.624.846.56 LSD.052.6nsnsnsns Nutrient Supply (N) No supply32.41.582.634.776.11 supply32.51.962.635.026.94 LSD.05ns0.09ns0.190.48 Weeks After Cold Treatment 001.130.784.295.33 636.11.953.444.836.08 1261.42.233.675.578.17 LSD.053.20.110.100.230.59 S X Nnsns**nsns S X W****nsnsns N X Wns**nsnsns S X N X Wnsnsnsnsns
[205] Seedling occurrence rate was higher in shading than in shading, but there was no difference between shading in the soju jang, Sangbaejang, logistics and root. On the other hand, the feeding of nutrient solution did not increase seedling appearance and axial growth, but it was shown to increase soju, root and root length. On the other hand, as the time of applying shading and nutrient solution was extended to 6 weeks and 12 weeks, all of these traits increased.
[206] FIG. 26 shows changes in the levels of shading, nutrient solution, or treatment factors of soju soybean and umbilical soybean fields, which were applied after low temperature treatment for axial dormant breakage (Table 17). Soju soybean (A) was not changed immediately after low-temperature treatment, but after 6 and 12 weeks, it became longer when nutrient solution was supplied. However, the upper abdomen (B) was shortened when the nutrient solution was supplied at the time of no shading, but as already pointed out (FIG. 18), it is preferable to be careful not to cause the shading at the seedling generator since the upper abdomen is lengthened when the shading is long, so that the seedling is produced. In the case of the seedlings of the hulling seedlings, the seedlings had little effect on the growth except for the extremely low temperature. Therefore, the seedlings could be easily managed even if they were managed roughly.
[207] (3) Livestock bridges during seedling and underground diameter establishment through optimal seed propagation: seedlings used in this test were placed in a vitreous greenhouse that was not shaded during the emergence of seedlings after the low temperature treatment for axial dormant rupture, as shown in FIG. The cultivated seedlings and the underground cultivated at the Gyeongnam Rural Development Administration's Hamyang Medicinal Test Center were planted as roots and their growth was compared and analyzed after 12 weeks.
[208] 27 shows the shape of the round gourd being cultivated by seedlings seedlings seeded with seed and underground diameter. All of the seedlings are green, and the shapes that grow vigorously differ greatly in size, although similar. Therefore, it can be said that it is not meaningful to simply compare the seedlings secured through seed propagation as shown in FIG. 27A with the planting and growing of the underground diameter as shown in FIG. 27B.
[209] As described through the above embodiments, in the present invention, it was possible to breed a large amount using the seedlings and to establish a treatment model for seed breeding. By effectively improving the formation rate, axial dormancy breakdown and seedling emergence rate, the seedling period can be shortened from the previous 18 months to at least 7 months. It is a very useful invention for the horticulture industry because it has a very excellent effect of reducing soil loss and protecting genetic resources due to the large collection of wild dogs.

权利要求:
Claims (5)
[1" claim-type="Currently amended] (a) ripening seedlings before sowing at 15 ° C. for 3 months under dark conditions;
(b) softening the seedlings by immersing the ripened seeds of step (a) in 10% KOH for 40 minutes;
(c) washing the seeded seeds of step (b) for 1 day; And
(d) a method of pre-sowing seedlings for increasing the germination and appearance rate of the seedlings, characterized in that the step of (c) washing the washed seed at 3 ℃, dark conditions for 8 weeks.
[2" claim-type="Currently amended] Seedlings treated before sowing by the method of claim 1.
[3" claim-type="Currently amended] In the method of claim 1 to treat seedlings before sowing
(e) sowing the cold-treated seeds of step (d) into the soil;
(f) germinating the seeded seeds of step (e) for 12 weeks at 25 ° C. under dark conditions; And
(g) the seedlings produced by the germination of step (f) under low temperature treatment for 6 weeks at 3 ° C. under dark conditions to clear the foliage and break up the dormant of the upper axis. Mass seedling method.
[4" claim-type="Currently amended] [4] The method of claim 3, further comprising (h) cultivating the seedlings of which the dorsal dorsum dormant is broken by the step (g) on the package and feeding the nutrient solution under 25 ° C. white light irradiation. Mass rearing method using the seedlings.
[5" claim-type="Currently amended] A roundhole underground diameter of which the dorsal dormant is broken and the foliage is erased by the low temperature treatment of the third step (g).

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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KR100476422B1|2005-03-16|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2000-08-10|Application filed by 강진호

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2000-08-10|Priority to KR20000046393A

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2002-02-20|Publication of KR20020013044A

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2005-03-16|Application granted

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2005-03-16|Publication of KR100476422B1

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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KR20000046393A|KR100476422B1|2000-08-10|2000-08-10|Seedling production of Polygonatum odoratum and its rhizome processing development for large-scale cultivation|